Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) is the climate action plan to reduce the national emisssions and adapt to climate change impacts.  It can also be called as the  heart of the Paris Agreement. The major goals of Paris agreement were to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, prevent global temperatures from rising more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels this century and to keep temperatures from rising above 1.5°C. To achieve these goals each country need to do something. So, each  party need to submit their own targets and contributions as per their resource and ability. These country targets are now known as NDCs. The Article 4, paragraph 2 of Paris Agreement requires each Party to prepare, communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions (NDCs)